Nürnberg Part 3
The Nazi Party Rally Grounds,
cont.
Kongreßhalle, Deutsche Stadion,
Großestraße, Märzfeld, Langwasser Camp, Misc. Buildings and Sites
Click
here for a MapQuest map showing the Reichsparteitagsgelände area.

|

|
The
Kongreßhalle, or Kongreßbau,
under construction. Designed by architects Franz and Ludwig Ruff to have seating for
50,000, and influenced by the Coliseum in Rome, the building beside the
Dutzendteich lake was never fully completed.
(Albert Speer, "Neue Deutsche Baukunst," Berlin, 1943) Above
right - the Kongreßhalle today. In the past, the building was used for
storage, offices, a concert hall, and a fire station. Since 2001, the
principle building occupant has been the Dokumentationszentrum
Reichsparteitagsgelände museum (replacing the display that used to
be inside the Zeppelintribüne). Below,
a view of the initial construction of the Kongreßhalle in 1937. The
structure at the left of the site was a full-scale wooden model of a
portion of the building, to give the public an idea of what the completed
hall would look like. (original photo in author's collection) |

|
 |
 |
Hitler
dedicates the cornerstone for the new Kongreßhalle in a ceremony on 11
September 1935. Also attending were Rudolf Hess, Julius Streicher, Adolf
Wagner, and Franz Schwarz. (Bundesarchiv) |
 |
 |
The Kongreßhalle during construction in
the summer of 1938. The full-scale model can be seen at the far left of the
left-hand photo. (left - from "Wie die Ostmark ihre
Befreiung erlebte - Adolf Hitler und sein Weg zu Großdeutschland,"
Heinrich Hoffmann, 1938; right - from Fritz Maier-Hartmann, "Dokumente des
Dritten Reiches," Vol. 2, Munich, 1943) |

|

|
Models of the
Kongreßhalle, showing its planned completed state, with the roof that was never
installed. (left and below - period postcards; on the right from
"Adolf Hitler, Bilder aus dem Leben des Führers" (Altona, 1936) |

|

|

|
Hitler views a model of the
completed structure. (period postcard) |
Recent aerial view - the museum is in the upper corner (the structure jutting out toward the
top). (Bayerische Vermessungsverwaltung) |
 |
 |
Exterior views of the
Kongreßhalle today. The Kongreßhalle is the second largest remaining building of the
Third Reich (the largest being the Kraft durch Freude
(KdF) vacation hotel
complex at Prora, on the Baltic Sea island of Rügen). |

|

|
These views show the
monumental Romanesque style of architecture in the Kongreßhalle. |

|

|
Interior
of the Kongreßhalle under construction. On top is a partial model of what
the finished upper area would have looked like. The modern photos show the
interior of the main entrance side. The steel bridge-like structure seen
jutting out in the photos below is a feature of the Dokumentation Zentrum
museum, installed in 2001. (National
Archives RG 242) |
 |
 |

|

|
Interior of the
Kongreßhalle under construction, and as it appears today. (Albert Speer, "Neue
Deutsche Baukunst," Berlin, 1943) |
-

|

|

|
The interior and seating areas
were never completed. These views show the brick base that underlies the exterior marble
blocks. |
This exterior wall shows damage
from the impact of a high explosive round, presumably fired in 1945
(see also similar damage to the Zeppelintribüne). |
 |
 |
A worker
places blocks on one of the exterior archways, seen finished on the
right. (Münchner Illustrierte Presse, 8 September 1938) |
 |
 |
Two
unfinished areas inside the
Kongreßhalle - the Pfeilerhalle (colonnade) on the left, and a
smaller columned hall on the right. |
 |
 |
 |
Inside
the second story of the
Kongreßhalle (the story just above the large archways). This area was never
finished, and has been used mainly for storage over the years. |
 |
 |
Two
views of the
Kongreßhalle taken in July 1945 by American soldiers, showing the
construction scaffolding still in place. (author's collection) |
 |
Deutsche
Stadion

|

|
By far the largest structure on
the Party Rally Grounds would have been the Deutsche Stadion. Albert Speer designed this
to be the largest sports stadium in the world, with a seating capacity of 405,000.
This photo shows Adolf Hitler dedicating the foundation stone on 9 September 1937.
(U.S. National Archives, RG 242H) Except for some excavations, work
on the Deutsche Stadion did not proceed beyond this granite foundation stone, which
could be found near the Großestraße. In 2001 this stone was removed for
the construction of a parking garage. In the summer
of 2007, the Deutsche Stadion foundation stone was returned to the planned stadium
site, but without its original brick base and not in its original
location. It now has an interpretive marker next to it (above). The photo
below shows the foundation stone in its original site in the woods just
off the Großestraße. The planned Stadion site is occupied
today by the Silbersee, a lake formed by the excavations, and the
Silberbuck, a hill made of rubble from the bombed city. |

|
 |
 |
A scale
model of the stadium was on display at the foundation stone dedication.
On the right above, Hitler views the model with architect Albert Speer
and others. (left - from "Wie die Ostmark ihre Befreiung erlebte -
Adolf Hitler und sein Weg zu Großdeutschland," Heinrich Hoffmann, 1938; on right
from Fr. Prof. Gerdy Troost, "Das Bauen im neuen Reich," Bayreuth, 1938) |

|

|
Further views of the
Deutsche Stadion model. (views on left from "Bauten
der Bewegung," Vol. 1, 1938; on the right from Albert Speer, "Neue Deutsche Baukunst," Berlin, 1943)
To test the proposed view from the upper levels, a
partial full-scale model of the seating area was built of wood on a
hillside east of Nürnberg. Click here
to see the remains of this site today.
|
 |
 |
Several
views of models of the Deutsche Stadion from different perspectives. At
the bottom are copies of architectural drawings (from Der Baumeister,
Vol. 35, November 1937). (from period postcards, "Kunst im
Dritten Reich;" "Bauten der Bewegung," Vol. 1,
1938; "Die Stadt der Reichsparteitage Nürnberg und die MAN" |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |

 |
 |
This model of the Deutsche Stadion, a
faithful replica, was built for the filming of the German TV
series "Speer und Er" (2005), and has been on display in the Kongreßhalle
museum. |
 |
This
U.S. Air Force reconnaissance photo was taken on 10 September 1944. At
top can be seen the Kongreßhalle, with the Franken Stadion at lower
right, and the Große Straße running through the center (camouflaged to
try to disguise it as a road). The construction site of the Deutsche
Stadion is the U-shape at the left. The site is occupied today by the
Silberbuck (below left), a hill formed by dumping rubble from the bombed
city on the site after the war, and the Silbersee lake (below right),
where water has filled up one side of the excavation. The Silbersee is
off-limits to swimmers due to the chemicals leaching into it from the
rubble in the Silberbuck hill. |
 |
 |
Großestraße

To link the major buildings of the Party Rally
Grounds, a Großestraße (Great Road)
was built from the Märzfeld to the Kongreßhalle. This Great Road was 2000 meters long
and 80 meters wide, and contained 60,000 granite slabs. It points directly to the
famous castle on the hill in downtown Nürnberg.
 |
 |
The sides
of the Großestraße were lined with
grandstands; some of the steps still remain today. In the right distance in the
1938 photo can be seen the partial model of the Kongreßhalle.
(Ausstellung "Faszination und Gewalt") |
Märzfeld
 |
 |
The
largest open field structure of the Party Rally Grounds was to be the
Märzfeld (Mars Field), designed for the display of military maneuvers
and war games (to replace the much smaller Zeppelinfeld for this
purpose). The field was to be surrounded by 24 fortress-like towers
connected by grandstands, with seating for 150,000, and decorated with
sculptures by Josef Thorak. (Albert
Speer, "Neue Deutsche Baukunst," Berlin, 1941)
On the left, the Märzfeld under construction.
Work was mostly halted after the beginning of World War II, and only
about half of the towers were built. The towers were demolished in
1966-67 to make way for construction of today's Langwasser subdivision.
Only a few remains of the tower foundations can be found today, at the
north end of Hermann Thiele Weg. |
 |
 |
Above,
models of the completed Märzfeld. Below, an architectural drawing, and
a photo of the partially-completed site. (Hubert Schrade, "Bauten
des Dritten Reiches," Leipzig, 1937; (Exhibition Catalog of the 1.
Deutsche Architektur-und-Kunsthandwerkausstellung, Munich, 1938; Ausstellung
"Faszination und Gewalt") |
 |
 |
 |
 |
The Märzfeld
under construction (left), and a photo of a
partially-completed tower taken in August 1945 by a U.S. soldier. (left
- Bundesarchiv; right -
author's collection) |
 |
 |
The
Märzfeld in July 1945, as seen through the lens of a GI's camera.
(author's collection) |
Langwasser
Camp and Misc. Buildings
 |
 |
Permanent camps for the SS, SA,
HJ, and RAD were built near the Rally Grounds.
The Langwasser camp, with space for
200,000, was the largest of these.
These camps had their own water supply, from a tower
built on an overlooking hill
(the tower can be seen on the ridgeline in the right
distance). The water tower still serves its
original purpose (although no longer for a Nazi camp), from a hill overlooking
Oelserstraße and Breslauerstraße. The original eagle and swastika have been
removed from above the doorway. (Stoja-Verlag, Nürnberg) |
 |
 |
The
Langwasser camp complex was served by a specially-built train station
between the camps and the Märzfeld. The ruins of this Märzfeld station exist
today beside the Langwasser rail line (the station was never completed
to the state seen in the architectural models below). (Exhibition Catalog of the 1. Deutsche
Architektur-und-Kunsthandwerkausstellung, Munich, 1938) |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Another
train station designed to serve the Party Rally Grounds was the Bahnhof
Dutzendteich. This existing station, adjacent to the Zeppelinfeld, was remodeled
and enlarged in 1934. Today it houses a popular restaurant serving Gut
Bürgerliche Küche, or down-home style cooking. (above -
period postcard; below - Bundesarchiv) |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Yet
another train station built to serve the crowds visiting Nuremberg
during the Party Rallies was in the town of Fischbach, southeast of the
city center and Party Rally Grounds. This original Bahnhof building
still serves as the town station. |
-
 |
 |
A Flak
(anti-aircraft) battery was placed on the outskirts of Fischbach, one of
several batteries emplaced around Nürnberg to protect the city from
Allied bombing attacks. The remains of this battery position include a
concrete mount (possibly for a radar system or searchlight) and
underground bunkers for battery personnel air-raid protection. (Google
Maps Link) |
 |
 |
 |
 |
A large Lager,
or housing complex, was built for the Deutsche Arbeits Front (DAF -
German workers organization) visitors to the Party Rallies. This complex
still exists on Regensburgerstraße, southeast of the Zeppelinfeld area,
and is now used as a home for the elderly. |
More info on the Dokumentationszentrum Museum
- http://www.museen.nuernberg.de/english/english/reichsparteitag_e/index_reichsparteitag_e.html
http://www.kubiss.de/kultur/info/kpz/Schule/29_1_10.htm
Back to Nürnberg, Part 1
Back to the Third Reich in Ruins homepage
|